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Dietrich von Saucken
Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Kasimir Dietrich von Saucken (16 May 1892 – 27 September 1980) was a general in the German army during World War II.
Wounded in the Battle of Moscow, he commanded the 4th Panzer Division at Kursk, before becoming acting commander of the III. Panzer Corps in June 1944. While evacuating East Prussia in May 1945, he ordered his troops to surrender to the Red Army, and stayed with them, turning down the offer of escape by air. In captivity, he was beaten and crippled for life, before his release in 1955. Von Saucken was the last officer to be awarded the prestigious Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds.
==Early Life, World War I and Interwar period==
Born in Fischhausen (today Primorsk in Russia), East Prussia, on 16 May 1892 Saucken joined the German Army as a ''Fahnenjunker'' (Cadet) in the ''Grenadier-Regiment König Friedrich William I (2. Ostpreußisches) Nr. 3'' in 1910. He was promoted to ''Fähnrich'' (Ensign) in 1911 and was finally commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant on 19 June 1912. When World War I started in 1914 von Saucken quickly was assigned as Company Commander. In 1916 he was assigned as Battalion Adjutant and in 1917, with a promotion to 1st Lieutenant, assigned as Regimental Adjutant. When the war ended von Saucken was Brigade Adjutant, had survived 7 wounds (which got him the Wound Badge in Gold), earned both classes of the Iron Cross, the Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern and the Austrian Military Merit Cross.
After the First World War he served in the ''Volunteer Border Protection Unit East'' and the ''Provisional National Army''. When in 1921 the Reichswehr was officially constituted von Saucken was posted in the ''1st (Prussian) Infantry Regiment'', but in the same year changed to the 8th (Prussian) Cavalry Regiment. He transferred to the 2nd (Prussian) Cavalry Regiment in 1923, the same year he married. In 1925 he was promoted to Rittmeister, and from 1927 on he was on special assignment in the Soviet Union, where he also learned to speak Russian. In 1934 he was promoted to Major, and on 1 May he was assigned as Instructor of Tactics at the War School Hannover. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1936 he was assigned to command the 2nd Cavalry Regiment in 1937, and was promoted to ''Oberst'' (Colonel) on 1 June 1939.
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